MODULE SUPPLEMENT: MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM
Factors Influencing Whether a Fracture Will Or Will Not Occur

Factors influencing whether a fracture will or will not occur include:

• The individual's risk of falling
• The impact of the fall
• The bone's quality (its structural integrity) and quantity, both of which determine its strength

Interventions can target each of these factors. Fall risk can be assessed and minimized through muscle strengthening, balance exercises, correction of sensory deficits, and environmental alterations such as the elimination of throw rugs. The impact of a fall may be minimized by using hip protectors if acceptable to the individual. Bone quality is more difficult to assess at the current time. However, bone quantity may be affected by exercise, calcium, vitamin D, and medications such as the bisphosphonates and miacalcin. In addition, educational programs related to nutrition, exercise and bone health can be provided to teenagers and young adults to promote the development of strong bones early in life.